Diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin lack; 2 in contrast to type 1 diabetes mellitus, in which there is an absolute lack of insulin due to the destruction of the pancreatic islets. 3 Classical symptoms are excessive thirst , frequent urination and constant hunger. Type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% of the diabetes cases, with the other 10% mainly due to type 1 diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes. Obesity is thought to be the primary cause of type 2 diabetes among people with genetic predisposition to the disease (although this is not the case for people with East Asian ancestry).

Type 2 diabetes is initially controlled with increased exercise and dietary changes. If blood glucose does not go down properly with these measures, medications such as metformin or insulin may be necessary. In patients treated with insulin, there is typically a requirement to routinely review blood glucose.

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ates of type 2 diabetes have increased significantly since 1960, in parallel with obesity. For 2010 there were approximately 285 million people diagnosed with the disease compared with about 30 million in 1985.4 5 type 2 diabetes is typically a chronic disease associated with a decrease in life expectancy of 10 years. 4 long-term complications of hyperglycemia may include heart disease, stroke, diabetic retinopathy (affects eyesight) , renal failure that may require dialysis and poor circulation in the extremities leading to amputations. Ketoacidosis, an acute complication and characteristic of type 1 diabetes, is rare, 6 However, a hyperglycemic hyperosmolar coma may occur.

Index [Hide]
1 story
2 epidemiology
3 Etiology
3.1 Lifestyle
3.2 Alterations of the intestinal flora
3.3 Genetics
3.4 Other factors
4 pathophysiology
5 Clinical Picture
5.1 Complications
6 Diagnostics
6.1 Screening
7 prevention
8 Treatment
8.1 Lifestyle
8.2 Medicines
8.3 Surgery
9 See Also
10 references
11 External links
History [Edit]
Diabetes is one of the first diseases described. 7 an Egyptian manuscript of c. 1500 BC. It mentions "too large emptying of the urine". 8 The first described cases are believed to be of type 1.8 diabetes the Indian physicians around the same time identified the disease and she was classified as Madhumeha or honey urine by noticing that the urine attracted the ants. 8 The term "diabetes" or "pass through" was used for the first time in 230 A. C. By the Greek Apollonius of Memphis. 8 The disease was rare during the time of the Roman Empire, Galen commented that he had only seen two cases during his career. 8

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes were identified as separate conditions for the first time by Indian physicians Sushruta and Charaka between 400-500 D. c. With type 1 associated with youth and type 2 with overweight. 8 The term "mellitus" or "Honey" was introduced by the Briton John Rolle at the end of 1700 to distinguish it from diabetes insipidus , which is also associated with frequent urination. 8 effective treatment was not developed until the first half of the twentieth century, when Canadian Nobel laureates Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered insulin between 1921 and 1922.8 this was followed by the development of long-acting insulin (NPH) in the 1940.8 decade.

epidemiology [Edit]

Worldwide prevalence of diabetes in 2000. The world average was 28 every 1000 inhabitants.
No data
≤ 7.5
7.5 – 15
15 – 22.5
22.5 – 30
30 – 37.5
37.5 – 45
45-52.5
52.5 – 60
60-67.5
67.5 – 75
75-82.5
≥ 82.5
The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide and reaches epidemic proportions. 9 in 2010, it was estimated that it affected 285 million of people, 4 (approximately 6% of the adult population of the mundo10) and represented about 90% of all the cases of diabetes. 4 Currently, it is estimated that these figures have increased to 347 million of people. 9

Diabetes is common in both the developed and developing worlds. 4 Nevertheless, it remains less frequent in the underdeveloped countries. 3

Women seem to be at greater risk as do certain ethnic groups, 4 11 as those in Southeast Asia, the Pacific Islands, Latinos, and Native Americans. 12 The above may be due to a better sensitivity to a Western lifestyle in certain ethnic groups. 13 traditionally considered an adult disease, type 2 diabetes is increasingly diagnosed to children in parallel with the rise in obesity rates. 4 Type 2 diabetes is now diagnosed with so much FRECU